The biographical consequences of protest and activism: a systematic review and a new typology

Most research on activist participation has aimed to explain motives to engage in protest and collective action or becoming an activist. The outcomes, for the individual, have been neglected. Therefore, we set out to systematically document and organize the psychological and behavioural changes associated with activism into a typology of change. The review contains 57 papers describing changes. Psychological changes identified in the literature can be classified into 19 main forms: marital status, children, relationship ties, work-life/career, extended involvement, consumer behaviour, identity, empowerment, radicalization/politicization, legitimacy, sustained commitment, self-esteem, general well-being, ‘traits’, self-confidence, religion, organizing, knowledge and home skills. Our analysis highlights the lack of analysis of the relation between type of protest and type of change, and lack of research into the processes behind the various psychological changes. What is needed now is more precise investigation of the relationship between types of protests, social and psychological processes, and psychological outcomes. Further, more longitudinal studies are required to explore the relationship

Seborrheic dermatitis eye lid involment (seborrheic blepharitis) in children not a rare clinical observation

We present a typical case of seborrheic dermatitis, with no cutaneous manifestations, rarely reported in children, frequently misdiagnosed (especially by ophthalmologists), simply confirmed by microscopic examination of scales and with wonderful therapeutic results with antifungal agents (topical and/or systemic treatments)

Romanian Questionnaire to Assess the Prevalence of Occupational Hand Eczema among Healthcare Providers

Abstract Occupational skin diseases have an unknown prevalence in Romania, although they are considered the most frequent occupational diseases reported in Western European countries. Self-reported hand eczema among healthcare providers by questionnaire aims to estimate the prevalence of work-related hand eczema and associated risk factors in hospitals and outpatient units in Romania. The aim of this study is to discuss and to validate a questionnaire for surveying work-related skin diseases and exposure among healthcare providers

Problems in diagnosis and surgical treatment of the retroperitoneal non-pancreatogenic phlegmons

Catedra de Chirurgie, FEC MF, Universitatea de Stat de Medicină și Farmacie ”N. Testemițanu”, Chișinău, Moldova, Al XI-lea Congres al Asociației Chirurgilor „Nicolae Anestiadi” din Republica Moldova și cea de-a XXXIII-a Reuniune a Chirurgilor din Moldova „Iacomi-Răzeșu” 27-30 septembrie 2011Supurațiile ale spațiului retroperitoneal sunt o problemă medico-chirurgicală neobișnuită cu un tablou clinic vag, care prezintă o provocare în aprecierea diagnosticului. Debutul insidios și evoluție ocultă ale acestei patologii sunt urmate de un diagnostic întârziat și drenaj neadecvat, astfel pentru flegmon retroperitoneal sunt caracteristice morbiditatea și mortalitatea considerabile. Anterior au fost publicate studii privind detaliile anatomice ale spațiilor extraperitoneale, dar mai puțina atenție a fost acordată metodelor de diagnostic și tehnicilor chirurgicale de drenaj. Prezentăm o trecere în revistă a 15 de cazuri de inflamații suruprative retroperitoneale nonpancreatogene care s-au manifestat ca entitate clinică principală. În aspect etiologic pacienții s-au repartizat în 5 grupe: psoitele purulente – 4, abcesele retroperitoneale apendiculare - 4, perinefritele purulente - 3, colecții retroperitoneale în urma osteolizei - 3 (ostemielita hematogenă, postraumatică, tuberculoza osoasă), hematom postraumatic retroperitoneal infectat – 1 caz. Trei pacienți (16,7 %) au decedat în perioada postoperatorie precoce. Complicații au survenit la 40 % pacienți. Letalitatea și rata înaltă de complicații au fost asociate cu perioada îndelungată de la debut până la diagnostic pozitiv (> 5 zile) și cu hemocultura pozitivă. Există o corelație între tipuri de complicații și sursa de infecție retroperitoneală. Computer tomografia este metoda cea mai informativă în diagnosticul supurațiilor abdominale extraperitoneale. În cazuri selecte drenajul ecoghidat poate fi folosit ca un gest chirurgical inițial. Descriem tehnica operatorie în dependență de topografia procesului purulent retroperitoneal. Este propus un plan de diagnostic și tratament pentru fiecare grup etiologic.Retroperitoneal space inflammation is an unusual surgical problem with vague clinical presentation, which presents a diagnostic challenge. An insidious onset and occult evolution of illness marked by diagnostic delay, inadequate drainage, and considerable morbidity and mortality is common. Papers regarding anatomic detailing of the extraperitoneal spaces have been published, but less attention has been focused on diagnostic and drainage techniques.We report an analysis of 15 cases of retroperitoneal suppurations which acted as main clinical manifestation. According to etiology of inflammation patients were distributed into 5 groups: psoas abscesses – 4 cases, retroperitoneal appendical abscesses – 4 cases, purulent perinephritis -3, retroperitoneal collections caused by osteolysis – 3 patients (hematogenic, posttraumatic or tuberculous) and one case of infected posttraumatic hematoma.Three patients (16,7 %) died in the early postoperative period. Rate of complications was 40 %. High lethality and postoperative morbidity were associated with positive blood cultures and delayed diagnosis (> 5 days). There is a correlation between the type of complications and etiology of the retroperitoneal phlegmon. Computed tomography is the most informative diagnostic method for the extraperitoneal purulent collections. Echoguided drainage in selected cases appears to be a useful initial approach. The operative technique dependent on the retroperitoneal purulent collection topography is described. A diagnostic and treatment plan is proposed for each etiologic group

Греко-латинские элементы в медицинской терминологии

Catedra Limbi Moderne, Catedra Limba Română şi Terminologie Medicală, USMF „Nicolae Testemiţanu”The lexical and neological creations formed from the terminological elements illustrate the universal dimension of their creation by savants (differing from the words of the general vocabulary) and demonstrate the specialized knowledge of a supplemental reality, having specific applications in the specialized language (terminology). Terminological neologisms (created from the Greco-Latin elements) are included in the national terminology, which makes possible the easy unification, planning, and normalization of international terminology. The historical investigation of formation of terminology is a difficult work but one that enlarges the understanding and explication of scientific terms used in medicine or other fields. This knowledge makes it possible to assimilate a new term, at first unknown, through the knowledge of the elements of their Greco-Latin origins.Лексические неологические образования, сформированные на базе терминологических элементов, соответствуют универсальной сознательной креативности ученых. По сравнению со словами из фундаментального словаря, их называют специализированными, набранными знаниями, которые были получены через познание реальности, имея особенное использование в специальной терминологии. Терминологические неологизмы, сформированные учеными на базе греко-латинских элементов, входят в национальную терминологию и автоматически становятся межнациональными. Это обеспечивает унификацию и стандартизацию терминологии. Понимание нового научного термина, на первый взгляд незнакомого, происходит через осознание смысла греко-латинских элементов

Low temperature (down to 450° C) annealed TiAl contacts on N-type gallium nitride characterized by differential scanning calorimetry

International audienceThis work reports on Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) measurements performed on Ti-Al metallic layers stacks deposited on n+-GaN. The aim is to get better understanding of the mechanisms leading to ohmic contact formation during the annealing stage. Two exothermic peaks were found, one below 500°C and the other one around 660°C. They can be respectively attributed to Al3Ti and Al2Ti compounds formation. The locations of these peaks provide clear evidence of solid-solid reac-tions. Lowest contact resistance is well correlated with the presence of Al3Ti compound, corresponding to Al(200nm)/Ti(50nm) stoichiometric ratio. Subsequently, Al(200 nm)Ti(50 nm) stacks on n+-GaN were annealed from 400°C to 650°C. Specific Contact Resistivity (SCR) values stay in the mid 10-5 Ω.cm² range for annealing temperatures between 450°C and 650°C. Such low-temperature annealed contacts on n+-GaN may open new device processing routes, simpler and cheaper, in which Ohmic and Schottky contacts are annealed together

Problems of the medical terminology

Catedra Limbi Moderne şi LatinăThe history of the constitution of one normalized, unified, standardized, international terminology certifies more significant events cleared up in this article. In addition to this, certain disputed aspects concerning the terminology and terms are emphasized. The language levels that form the terminologies in general, and the medical terminology in particular are pointed out in the article. Istoria constituirii unei terminologii normate, unificate, standardizate, internaţionale atestă mai multe evenimente semnificative, elucidate în prezentul articol. De asemenea, sunt puse sub accent anumite aspecte controversate versus terminologie şi termeni. Sunt relevate straturile limbii care formează terminologiile, în general, şi terminologia medicală, în particular